International Journal of Gender & Women's Studies

Exploring the Social Realities of Hijras in India: Challenges, Resilience, and Pathways to Inclusion
Adrian Krishnasamy, Patience A. Asafu-Adjaye

Abstract
This research examines the social realities of Hijras in India, contextualizing their historical and cultural significance, legal recognition, social stigma, and community organization. Drawing on the lens of the Muted Group Theory and secondary data review, the study explores the experiences of hijras within the context of Indian society, highlighting the complexities of their identities, social structures, interactions, and resisting marginalization. The researchers begin by tracing the historical and cultural roots of hijras in India, to their recognition as the "third gender", and analyzing the implications of this legal recognition for their rights and social inclusion. Next, the research explores the social stigma and discrimination faced by hijras in various aspects of life. It also delves into the unique social structure of the hijra community, exploring the roles of gurus and chelas and how the guru-chela system provides social support and a sense of belonging. Finally, this research offers recommendations for future research and community-based initiatives to address the needs and rights of hijras in India. It underscores the importance of collaboration between government agencies, civil society organizations, and academic institutions to promote greater inclusion and equality for hijras. Through its comprehensive analysis of the social realities of hijras in India, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of this marginalized community and advocates for meaningful action to address their systemic challenges.

Full Text: PDF      DOI: 10.15640/ijgws.v12n1a1